Heat a large heavy-bottomed pot over medium heat and add a splash of oil. Sauté diced onion and minced garlic until fragrant and translucent, about 5 minutes, until the onions are golden and soft.
Add the shredded cooked chicken to the pot, stirring for about 2 minutes until heated through and slightly browned around the edges.
Pour in the chicken broth and stir in the drained white beans, corn kernels, diced green chilies, cumin, chili powder, and a pinch of salt and pepper. Bring the mixture to a gentle simmer.
Reduce heat to low and let the chili simmer uncovered for about 20 minutes, stirring occasionally. The broth should thicken slightly, and flavors will meld together beautifully.
Taste the chili and adjust the seasoning with more salt, pepper, or chili powder if needed. Squeeze fresh lime juice into the pot, stirring to incorporate bright citrus flavor.
Finish by garnishing with chopped cilantro for a fresh, herbal note. Serve hot, ideally with crusty bread or over rice for a satisfying meal.